United States by state: Census 2020–2024
Every adult in the United States, as the Census counts them, state by state, under the nine Census divisions. Each person is a real combination of traits from the Census's anonymised person records, weighted so every state matches its published tables, with party lean and 2024 turnout modelled and labelled so.
51 places, by division / state · Pro plan
Every plan can look; creating a population from this template needs Pro.
What each person has
- Age
- 18-2412%
- 25-3417%
- 35-4417%
- 45-5415%
- 55-6416%
- 65-7413%
- and 1 more
- Sex
- Man49%
- Woman51%
- Race and ethnicity
- White60%
- Black12%
- Hispanic17%
- Asian6%
- Other or more than one race4%
- Education
- No high school diploma11%
- High school diploma or GED27%
- Some college or associate's degree29%
- Bachelor's degree20%
- Graduate degree12%
- Household income
- Under $25,00010%
- $25,000–49,99913%
- $50,000–74,99914%
- $75,000–99,99913%
- $100,000–149,99919%
- $150,000 or more27%
- and 1 more
- Work
- Working60%
- Unemployed, looking for work3%
- Not in the labor force36%
- Home
- Lives in an owned home66%
- Lives in a rented home31%
- Lives in group quarters3%
- Marital status
- Married50%
- Widowed6%
- Divorced11%
- Separated2%
- Never married31%
- Children at home
- No children at home68%
- Children at home32%
- Veteran
- Not a veteran94%
- Veteran6%
- Born
- Born in the US83%
- Born abroad17%
- Health coverage
- Has health coverage90%
- No health coverage10%
- Disability
- No disability84%
- Has a disability16%
- Citizenship
- US citizen92%
- Not a US citizen8%
- Party lean (modelled)
- Democratic-leaning42%
- Republican-leaning40%
- Independent or no lean18%
- Voted in 2024 (modelled)
- Voted59%
- Did not vote33%
- Not eligible (not a citizen)8%
State by state
Adults in each state: darker has more. Point at a state for its numbers.
Error report
How close these people come to the published figures, and where they fall short.
261,404,665 adults · 1,195,452 Census records · 51 states in 9 divisions
Built 2026-10-08 · records us-2024-v1
How close the people land on the Census
Each state's records are weighted until they match its American Community Survey tables. The figure is the worst state's largest gap on each table, in percentage points.
| Table | Worst state |
|---|---|
| Sex by age | 0.3 |
| Race and ethnicity | 0.4 |
| Education | 0.3 |
| Household income | 0.5 |
| Work | 0.5 |
| Owned or rented home | 0.3 |
| Citizenship | 0.1 |
What keeping fewer records costs
Each state is weighted on all its records, then thinned to at most 25,000 by a systematic draw on their weights, so the template stays small enough to use. The figure is the worst state's largest gap between the kept records and all of them, per table, in percentage points.
| Table | Worst state |
|---|---|
| Sex by age | 0.2 |
| Race and ethnicity | 0.0 |
| Education | 0.0 |
| Household income | 0.0 |
| Work | 0.6 |
| Owned or rented home | 0.6 |
| Citizenship | 0.2 |
A check left out of the fit: veterans
Veteran status was not used in weighting, so it shows how well the weighted people carry traits nobody fitted. Per state, the share of veterans among civilian adults lands a median 0.1 points from the Census's own figure; 95% of states within 0.3, the worst 0.5.
What drawing a population adds
A population is a sample of these weighted people, so small states vary from draw to draw. Largest gap per state between the people drawn and the state's records, states with at least 30 people.
| Trait | 10,000 people | 100,000 people | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | 95% of states within | Median | 95% of states within | |
| Race and ethnicity | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
| Education | 2.0 | 6.5 | 0.2 | 2.1 |
| Household income | 0.9 | 3.5 | 0.1 | 0.8 |
Party lean and 2024 turnout (modelled)
No Census record says how anyone votes, so these two traits are modelled. Each person starts from what Cooperative Election Study 2024 respondents like them (race, age, education and sex, in the same Census region) said and did, with turnout checked against the voter file. Each state is then calibrated so its people's turnout and Democratic-minus-Republican margin match its official 2024 presidential result (FEC). FEC totals count votes for president, so turnout runs about a point under ballots cast.
| Check | Margin | Turnout |
|---|---|---|
| Each state against its 2024 result (calibrated) | median 0.0, worst 0.0 | median 0.0, worst 0.0 |
| Demographics alone, given only the national result | median 10.2, worst 62.5 | median 3.1, worst 12.9 |
| The same, with priors that never saw that state | median 13.2, worst 63.2 | median 3.8, worst 12.3 |
Leans against the survey's respondents
Nothing was fitted to these: the share of each lean among the country's adults, as modelled and as the CES's respondents gave it.
| Democratic | Republican | Neither | Turnout | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 42% | 40% | 18% | |
| CES, all respondents (n=59,446) | 41% | 40% | 19% | |
| Each state's priors without its own respondents, applied to the 58,627 citizen respondents | 41% | 41% | 18% | 57% |
| CES, citizens (n=58,627) | 41% | 41% | 18% | 57% |
Each state's totals are right by construction: that is what calibration does. The honest test is the people alone. Given only the national result, a state's people place its Democratic-minus-Republican margin a median 10 points off (13 with priors that never saw that state), and the most lopsided places miss by far more: DC, Wyoming, Idaho, North Dakota, Maryland. People who look alike lean differently from one state to the next, and each state's calibration is what supplies that.
The demographic part holds up: priors fitted without each state's own respondents give the survey's respondents their leans and their turnout within a point. Within a state, calibration moves everyone's lean by the same factor, so lean by race inside one state is the weakest part. Nationally the model has Democratic leaners about 2.5 points ahead, where the survey's respondents have them 1.4 ahead.
Use these traits to include or compare groups. They are not anyone's stated party, and results are never polls of real people.
Every state (51)
| State | Division | Adults | Census gap | Veterans (Census / people) | Turnout 2024 | Margin: result / demographics alone |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | East South Central | 3,956,043 | 0.4 | 8% / 8% | 59% | −30 / −9 |
| Alaska | Pacific | 558,527 | 0.4 | 11% / 11% | 63% | −13 / −1 |
| Arizona | Mountain | 5,784,462 | 0.4 | 8% / 8% | 64% | −6 / +4 |
| Arkansas | West South Central | 2,344,381 | 0.2 | 7% / 8% | 53% | −31 / −17 |
| California | Pacific | 30,654,581 | 0.2 | 4% / 4% | 61% | +20 / +8 |
| Colorado | Mountain | 4,630,662 | 0.2 | 7% / 7% | 73% | +11 / +7 |
| Connecticut | New England | 2,892,922 | 0.4 | 5% / 5% | 66% | +14 / +13 |
| Delaware | South Atlantic | 809,519 | 0.2 | 7% / 7% | 67% | +15 / −12 |
| District of Columbia | South Atlantic | 553,980 | 0.4 | 4% / 3% | 64% | +84 / +21 |
| Florida | South Atlantic | 18,041,247 | 0.4 | 7% / 7% | 67% | −13 / −14 |
| Georgia | South Atlantic | 8,398,909 | 0.2 | 7% / 7% | 67% | −2 / −2 |
| Hawaii | Pacific | 1,146,626 | 0.2 | 8% / 8% | 49% | +23 / +11 |
| Idaho | Mountain | 1,468,079 | 0.1 | 8% / 8% | 64% | −36 / −2 |
| Illinois | East North Central | 9,921,459 | 0.3 | 5% / 5% | 62% | +11 / −0 |
| Indiana | East North Central | 5,256,652 | 0.3 | 6% / 6% | 58% | −19 / −7 |
| Iowa | West North Central | 2,475,492 | 0.1 | 7% / 7% | 70% | −13 / −11 |
| Kansas | West North Central | 2,246,968 | 0.1 | 7% / 7% | 62% | −16 / −5 |
| Kentucky | East South Central | 3,509,848 | 0.4 | 7% / 6% | 61% | −31 / −21 |
| Louisiana | West South Central | 3,529,111 | 0.2 | 6% / 6% | 59% | −22 / −5 |
| Maine | New England | 1,137,277 | 0.2 | 8% / 8% | 75% | +7 / +2 |
| Maryland | South Atlantic | 4,829,511 | 0.2 | 7% / 7% | 69% | +29 / −1 |
| Massachusetts | New England | 5,679,875 | 0.2 | 4% / 4% | 67% | +25 / +11 |
| Michigan | East North Central | 7,937,277 | 0.2 | 6% / 6% | 74% | −1 / −5 |
| Minnesota | West North Central | 4,427,255 | 0.2 | 6% / 6% | 77% | +4 / −9 |
| Mississippi | East South Central | 2,259,974 | 0.2 | 7% / 7% | 55% | −23 / −2 |
| Missouri | West North Central | 4,809,135 | 0.3 | 7% / 8% | 64% | −18 / −4 |
| Montana | Mountain | 882,168 | 0.1 | 9% / 10% | 69% | −20 / −4 |
| Nebraska | West North Central | 1,493,958 | 0.2 | 7% / 7% | 67% | −20 / −5 |
| Nevada | Mountain | 2,492,153 | 0.5 | 8% / 8% | 67% | −3 / +7 |
| New Hampshire | New England | 1,140,388 | 0.5 | 8% / 8% | 74% | +3 / +6 |
| New Jersey | Middle Atlantic | 7,306,164 | 0.2 | 4% / 4% | 66% | +6 / +20 |
| New Mexico | Mountain | 1,659,105 | 0.4 | 8% / 8% | 60% | +6 / +7 |
| New York | Middle Atlantic | 15,787,054 | 0.3 | 4% / 4% | 59% | +13 / +13 |
| North Carolina | South Atlantic | 8,395,484 | 0.4 | 7% / 7% | 72% | −3 / −11 |
| North Dakota | West North Central | 600,380 | 0.2 | 7% / 7% | 63% | −36 / −10 |
| Ohio | East North Central | 9,210,143 | 0.3 | 7% / 7% | 64% | −11 / −5 |
| Oklahoma | West South Central | 3,063,753 | 0.4 | 8% / 8% | 54% | −34 / −19 |
| Oregon | Pacific | 3,407,271 | 0.3 | 7% / 8% | 70% | +14 / −1 |
| Pennsylvania | Middle Atlantic | 10,357,299 | 0.3 | 6% / 6% | 71% | −2 / +12 |
| Rhode Island | New England | 894,376 | 0.3 | 5% / 5% | 62% | +14 / +11 |
| South Carolina | South Atlantic | 4,160,804 | 0.4 | 8% / 8% | 64% | −18 / −9 |
| South Dakota | West North Central | 687,685 | 0.3 | 8% / 8% | 64% | −29 / −11 |
| Tennessee | East South Central | 5,499,414 | 0.4 | 7% / 7% | 58% | −30 / −15 |
| Texas | West South Central | 22,643,776 | 0.4 | 6% / 6% | 57% | −14 / −10 |
| Utah | Mountain | 2,449,342 | 0.2 | 5% / 5% | 65% | −22 / +3 |
| Vermont | New England | 531,120 | 0.4 | 6% / 6% | 71% | +32 / +6 |
| Virginia | South Atlantic | 6,814,337 | 0.4 | 9% / 10% | 70% | +6 / −9 |
| Washington | Pacific | 6,144,889 | 0.3 | 8% / 8% | 70% | +18 / +1 |
| West Virginia | South Atlantic | 1,422,374 | 0.4 | 7% / 7% | 54% | −42 / −27 |
| Wisconsin | East North Central | 4,650,326 | 0.2 | 6% / 6% | 76% | −1 / −10 |
| Wyoming | Mountain | 451,130 | 0.3 | 9% / 9% | 61% | −46 / −3 |
Sources
- Records
- ACS PUMS 2020–2024 5-year, every state and DC, adults 18+; raked per state, then thinned to at most 25,000 records per state
- Tables
- ACS 2020–2024 5-year tables B01001, B01001B/D/H/I, B15001, B19001, B23025, B25008, B26001; out of sample: B21001
- Citizenship
- ACS 2020–2024 5-year table B05003 (raked)
- Party lean
- Modelled. Priors: Cooperative Election Study 2024 common content (Harvard Dataverse doi:10.7910/DVN/X11EP6, CC0), citizen respondents in each Census region, validated 2024 vote and 7-point party ID with leaners as partisans. Calibration: official 2024 presidential results by state, Federal Election Commission (fec.gov), whose totals count votes for president, so turnout runs about a point under ballots cast.
- Geography
- State outlines: Census TIGERweb, simplified; Alaska and Hawaii inset