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Maryland by county: Census 2020–2024

Every adult in Maryland, as the Census counts them, county by county and grouped by metro area. Each person is a real combination of traits from the Census's anonymised person records, weighted so every county matches its published tables, with party lean and 2024 turnout modelled and labelled so.

24 places, by metro area / county · Team plan

Every plan can look; creating a population from a state by county or by município needs Team.

What each person has

Age
- 18-2411%
- 25-3417%
- 35-4417%
- 45-5416%
- 55-6417%
- 65-7413%
- and 1 more
Sex
- Man48%
- Woman52%
Race and ethnicity
- White49%
- Black29%
- Hispanic11%
- Asian7%
- Other or more than one race4%
Education
- No high school diploma9%
- High school diploma or GED25%
- Some college or associate's degree26%
- Bachelor's degree22%
- Graduate degree19%
Household income
- Under $25,0007%
- $25,000–49,9999%
- $50,000–74,99911%
- $75,000–99,99911%
- $100,000–149,99919%
- $150,000 or more39%
- and 1 more
Work
- Working64%
- Unemployed, looking for work3%
- Not in the labor force33%
Home
- Lives in an owned home69%
- Lives in a rented home28%
- Lives in group quarters3%
Marital status
- Married49%
- Widowed6%
- Divorced10%
- Separated2%
- Never married33%
Children at home
- No children at home66%
- Children at home34%
Veteran
- Not a veteran93%
- Veteran7%
Born
- Born in the US80%
- Born abroad20%
Health coverage
- Has health coverage93%
- No health coverage7%
Disability
- No disability86%
- Has a disability14%
Citizenship
- US citizen91%
- Not a US citizen9%
Party lean (modelled)
- Democratic-leaning53%
- Republican-leaning30%
- Independent or no lean17%
Voted in 2024 (modelled)
- Voted63%
- Did not vote29%
- Not eligible (not a citizen)9%

County by county

Adults in each county: darker has more. Point at a county for its numbers.

16,357822,810adults, on a log scale

Error report

How close these people come to the published figures, and where they fall short.

4,829,511 adults · 241,686 Census records · 24 counties in 7 areas (metro areas and the rest of the state)

Built 2026-10-09 · records maryland-2024-v1

How close the people land on the Census

Each county's records are weighted until they match its American Community Survey tables. The figure is the worst county's largest gap on each table, in percentage points.

Table	Worst county
Sex by age	0.4
Race and ethnicity	0.4
Education	0.5
Household income	0.5
Work	0.1
Owned or rented home	0.1
Citizenship	0.0

A check left out of the fit: veterans

Veteran status was not used in weighting, so it shows how well the weighted people carry traits nobody fitted. Per county, the share of veterans among civilian adults lands a median 0.2 points from the Census's own figure; 95% of counties within 0.8, the worst 1.0.

What drawing a population adds

A population is a sample of these weighted people, so small counties vary from draw to draw. Largest gap per county between the people drawn and the county's records, counties with at least 30 people.

Trait	10,000 people		100,000 people
	Median	95% of counties within	Median	95% of counties within
Race and ethnicity	0.3	1.4	0.0	0.1
Education	1.4	6.2	0.2	0.9
Household income	0.7	3.0	0.1	0.5

Party lean and 2024 turnout (modelled)

No Census record says how anyone votes, so these two traits are modelled. Each person starts from what Cooperative Election Study 2024 respondents like them (race, age, education and sex, in the Census South) said and did, with turnout checked against the voter file. Each county is then calibrated so its people's turnout and Democratic-minus-Republican margin match its 2024 presidential result (MIT Election Lab). Those results count votes for president, so turnout runs a point or so under ballots cast.

Check	Margin	Turnout
Each county against its 2024 result (calibrated)	median 0.0, worst 0.0	median 0.0, worst 0.0
Demographics alone, given only the statewide result	median 29.2, worst 55.1	median 3.3, worst 9.0
The same, with priors that never saw anyone from Maryland	median 29.0, worst 55.3	median 3.3, worst 9.0

Leans against Maryland's own survey respondents

Nothing was fitted to these: the share of each lean among Maryland's adults, as modelled and as the CES's Maryland respondents gave it.

	Democratic	Republican	Neither	Turnout
Model	53%	30%	17%
CES Maryland (n=1,057)	58%	25%	17%
Priors that never saw anyone from Maryland, applied to its 1,038 citizen respondents	42%	41%	17%	55%
CES Maryland, citizens (n=1,038)	58%	26%	16%	58%

The county totals are right by construction: that is what calibration does. The honest test is the people alone, in the table above: given only the statewide result, how far each county's people land from its margin. Counties that vote very differently from people like them elsewhere in the region land furthest; the map shows where.

Within a county, calibration moves everyone's lean by the same factor, so lean by race inside one county is the weakest part. In the smallest counties the Census's five-year estimates carry wide margins, and where more presidential votes were cast than the estimate of citizens, turnout is held at 98%.

Use these traits to include or compare groups. They are not anyone's stated party, and results are never polls of real people.

Every county (24)

County	Area	Adults	Census gap	Veterans (Census / people)	Turnout 2024	Margin: result / demographics alone
Allegany	Small towns and rural Maryland	55,420	0.3	8% / 8%	59%	−40 / +5
Anne Arundel	Baltimore-Columbia-Towson	464,285	0.3	10% / 10%	71%	+14 / +20
Baltimore	Baltimore-Columbia-Towson	664,812	0.3	6% / 6%	66%	+24 / +26
Calvert	Lexington Park	72,517	0.1	11% / 12%	76%	−11 / +15
Caroline	Small towns and rural Maryland	25,613	0.1	6% / 6%	67%	−38 / +9
Carroll	Baltimore-Columbia-Towson	136,686	0.2	8% / 8%	77%	−25 / +9
Cecil	Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington	81,624	0.3	8% / 8%	66%	−31 / +8
Charles	Washington-Arlington-Alexandria	129,805	0.4	13% / 13%	74%	+41 / +38
Dorchester	Small towns and rural Maryland	25,889	0.2	8% / 7%	67%	−15 / +16
Frederick	Washington-Arlington-Alexandria	220,052	0.3	7% / 8%	76%	+9 / +16
Garrett	Small towns and rural Maryland	23,540	0.3	9% / 9%	68%	−54 / +1
Harford	Baltimore-Columbia-Towson	204,980	0.2	9% / 8%	75%	−14 / +15
Howard	Baltimore-Columbia-Towson	256,411	0.2	6% / 6%	78%	+41 / +28
Kent	Small towns and rural Maryland	16,357	0.5	7% / 7%	69%	−3 / +13
Montgomery	Washington-Arlington-Alexandria	822,810	0.2	4% / 4%	75%	+53 / +28
Prince George's	Washington-Arlington-Alexandria	747,627	0.3	7% / 7%	64%	+75 / +56
Queen Anne's	Baltimore-Columbia-Towson	40,899	0.4	8% / 7%	81%	−28 / +8
St. Mary's	Lexington Park	87,577	0.5	14% / 14%	69%	−17 / +18
Somerset	Salisbury	20,486	0.2	7% / 6%	51%	−17 / +24
Talbot	Small towns and rural Maryland	30,872	0.2	8% / 8%	78%	−0 / +10
Washington	Hagerstown-Martinsburg	121,839	0.2	7% / 7%	63%	−23 / +9
Wicomico	Salisbury	81,270	0.3	6% / 6%	61%	−5 / +20
Worcester	Small towns and rural Maryland	44,515	0.2	8% / 9%	76%	−22 / +8
Baltimore city	Baltimore-Columbia-Towson	453,625	0.2	5% / 5%	54%	+72 / +49

Sources

Records: ACS PUMS 2020–2024 5-year, Maryland, adults 18+
Tables: ACS 2020–2024 5-year tables B01001, B01001B/D/H/I, B15001, B19001, B23025, B25008, B26001; out of sample: B21001
Geography: 2020 Census tract to 2020 PUMA relationship file; tract population B01003; metro areas, OMB delineation of July 2023
Citizenship: ACS 2020–2024 5-year table B05003 (raked)
Party lean: Modelled. Priors: Cooperative Election Study 2024 common content (Harvard Dataverse doi:10.7910/DVN/X11EP6, CC0), citizen respondents in the Census South, validated 2024 vote and 7-point party ID with leaners as partisans. Calibration: 2024 county presidential returns, MIT Election Data and Science Lab (Harvard Dataverse doi:10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ, CC0), presidential votes standing in for ballots cast.